{"id":19415,"date":"2025-06-09T15:01:38","date_gmt":"2025-06-09T13:01:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/culturasconstructivas.org\/exhibition-works-by-max-rutgers\/"},"modified":"2025-06-09T17:35:35","modified_gmt":"2025-06-09T15:35:35","slug":"exhibition-works-by-max-rutgers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/culturasconstructivas.org\/en\/exhibition-works-by-max-rutgers\/","title":{"rendered":"Exhibition \u2013 Works by Max Rutgers"},"content":{"rendered":"\t\t<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-page\" data-elementor-id=\"19415\" class=\"elementor elementor-19415 elementor-19397\" data-elementor-post-type=\"page\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-41ae9151 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"41ae9151\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\" data-settings=\"{&quot;background_background&quot;:&quot;classic&quot;,&quot;sticky&quot;:&quot;top&quot;,&quot;sticky_offset&quot;:57,&quot;sticky_offset_tablet&quot;:57,&quot;sticky_offset_mobile&quot;:60,&quot;sticky_on&quot;:[&quot;desktop&quot;,&quot;tablet&quot;,&quot;mobile&quot;],&quot;sticky_effects_offset&quot;:0,&quot;sticky_anchor_link_offset&quot;:0}\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-7e843658 elementor-nav-menu__align-start elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-none elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-hidden-mobile elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu\" data-id=\"7e843658\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-settings=\"{&quot;layout&quot;:&quot;horizontal&quot;,&quot;submenu_icon&quot;:{&quot;value&quot;:&quot;&lt;i class=\\&quot;fas fa-caret-down\\&quot; 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This set of procedures constitutes a distinct discipline, separate from the general theory and practice of architecture, and forms part of the specialised training in timber framing. Thanks to this method, the master carpenter can determine in the workshop \u2014in advance and in a way that facilitates prefabrication\u2014 all the required elements, even the most complex ones, ensuring that during on-site assembly all joints fit perfectly, including those of greater technical difficulty or scale. In 2009, UNESCO inscribed    <\/span><i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">the scribing tradition in French timber framing<\/span><\/i><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> on the Representative List of the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity.<\/span><\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-552e8c9 e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"552e8c9\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2578161 elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"2578161\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-a0162fc e-flex e-con-boxed e-con e-parent\" data-id=\"a0162fc\" data-element_type=\"container\" data-e-type=\"container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"e-con-inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-b9aaf58 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading\" data-id=\"b9aaf58\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"heading.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default\">Traditional tools of the structural carpenter<\/h2>\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-8d2c06d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"8d2c06d\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ol><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Fleam-tooth saw or handsaw <\/b><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Alsatian square: <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">thicker at the angle, thinner at the ends<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Two-man saw (passe-partout): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">used for both felling and hewing<\/span><br><br><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Auger (30 mm): <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for boring mortises and other joints<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Goosewing axe:<\/b> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">for hewing timber<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Chalk line<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: for marking full-scale layouts on the workshop floor<\/span> <\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Spirit level<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: for alignment and leveling in conjunction with a plumb bob<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Bisaigu\u00eb twibill<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: iconic structural carpenter\u2019s tool with a flat chisel at one end and a mortise chisel at the other, used to cut large traditional joints\u2014its weight allows work without a mallet or hammer <\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Guillaume curved blade<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: for removing burrs at the edges of rough-hewn beams<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Conejito cord holder<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: holds the end of the chalk line; shares its nickname (\u201cbunny rabbit\u201d) with the apprentices who hold the line when timber is marked out<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>&#8211;<\/b><b><i>Clameau<\/i><\/b><b> clamp<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: holds a log in place during hewing or keeps a beam aligned, and can serve as a tension joint for connecting discontinuous beams across a main beam <\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Marking plumb bob<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: used for aligning timbers over a layout marked on the ground and marking joints between elements<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Rule<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: always in the carpenter\u2019s pocket, used to mark out joints, with a centerline for positioning over a guideline. Today it is normally 35 cm by 3 cm, but in the Middle Ages it would be one foot by one inch, as calibrated by the master builder  <\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Bevel gauge<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: used to transfer angles to timber pieces<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Dry-tip scriber<\/b><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Marking router<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: for cutting fine grooves in wood to mark out joints or leave marks to help pieces be recognized during assembly. At the top of the handle is a tool for guiding saw teeth <\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>String<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: traditionally wound on an oak peg, used for marking out full-scale templates<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Heavy-duty mortise chisel<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: with a metal-topped handle aligned with the back of the blade, designed for deep joints and direct hammering without damaging the handle<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Folding rule<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: kept with the other rule and a pencil in the carpenter\u2019s pocket<\/span> <\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>The mortise chisel (b\u00e9dane)<\/b>: allows to excavate the bottom of mortises or other deep assemblies.<\/li><\/ol>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-723350f elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider\" data-id=\"723350f\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-e-type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"divider.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-divider\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"elementor-divider-separator\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Drawings of scribing tradition in French timber framing, the graphic system used by carpenters since the 13th century to represent structures and joints, carried out by Max Rutgers The scribing tradition in French timber framing is a graphic system developed in France since the 13th century, allowing for the highly precise representation of both a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":9,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_piecal_is_event":false,"_piecal_start_date":"","_piecal_end_date":"","_piecal_is_allday":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-19415","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.5 - 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